Research Progress on the Functions of Plastid Ribosomal Protein (PRP) Genes

• 1、College of Biology, Longping Agricultural College, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Provincial Hybrid Rape Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

Abstract：Plastid Ribosomal Proteins (PRPs) are core components of the chloroplast ribosome in plants, among which Plastid-Specific Ribosomal Proteins (PSRPs) form a plant-specific subfamily and play essential roles in chloroplast development, gene expression regulation, photosynthesis and abiotic stress responses. Gene expression in chloroplasts is primarily regulated at the post-transcriptional level. By participating in ribosome assembly, translation initiation and elongation, PRPs directly modulate the expression of chloroplast-encoded genes, thereby regulating various stages of plant growth and development. This review systematically summarizes the structural characteristics and evolutionary patterns of PRP family genes, elaborates on the molecular functions of PRPs in chloroplast functional regulation, photosynthesis maintenance, abiotic stress responses and plant development, summarizes the research models and technical methods in this field, analyzes the key scientific questions to be addressed, and discusses the potential applications of PRP genes in crop genetic improvement. It aims to provide a theoretical reference for in-depth exploration of the chloroplast ribosome regulatory network and molecular breeding of stress-tolerant plants.

Keywords： PRP genes PSRPs chloroplast photosynthesis abiotic stress plant growth and developmentey