新西兰进口鲜水果/蔬菜卫生标准体系分析与启示
首发时间:2024-08-22
摘要:我国是水果/蔬菜生产、贸易、进口和消费大国,进境水果/蔬菜检疫监管标准体系建设亟待完善。本文全面收集新西兰政府制定发布的进口鲜水果/蔬菜的进口卫生标准(IHSs)及相关标准,分析标准的基本构成,核心内容、标准结构和主要特征。结果显示,迄今(2024年7月31止),新西兰政府制定发布了,从27个国家和地区进口48种鲜水果/蔬菜,102个单一的进口卫生标准,进口鲜水果/蔬菜相关标准14个。其核心内容为,水果/蔬菜害虫分类与识别、特定国家的害虫和植物检疫要求、出口前检疫措施、入境时和后的检疫处理方法和生物安全清关、害虫和有害生物测试与鉴定,签发植物检疫证书等。IHSs鲜水果/蔬菜标准的结构有4种类型。不同水果/蔬菜的标准结构不同,不同标准所附的害虫清单结构也不同,进口水果IHSs呈现"一国一品一标"、针对性强和可操作性强、根据需要及时更新等特征,在分析我国进境水果和蔬菜检疫监管存在的短板的基础上,构建了中国特色的进口水果/蔬菜IHSs标准体系框架和结构。
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Study and enlightenment on import health standard of
Abstract:China is a big country about production, trade, import of fresh fruits/vegetables. The quarantine and supervision standard system for imported fruits/vegetables needs to be improved. This paper comprehensively collects the import health standards(IHSs)and related standards for imported fresh fruits/vegetables formulated and published in New Zealand government, and analyzes the basic composition, major content, standard structure and main characteristics of the IHSs. The results show that the New Zealand government has so far(as of 31 July 2024)developed and published 48 kinds of fresh fruit/vegetable imports from 27 countries and territories, 102 single import health standards, and 14 fresh fruit/vegetable related standards. Its major contents are pest classification and identification of fresh fruit/vegetables, pest list and phytosanitary requirements of specific countries, pre-export quarantine measures, quarantine treatment methods during and after importing, biosecurity clearance the issuance of phytosanitary certificates and pest test and identification. The fresh fruit/vegetable IHSs has 4 types of structure. The standard structure is different from different fruits/vegetables, and the pest list attached is different from different standards. The IHSs of imported fruits/vegetables presents the characteristics of strong pertinency, strong operability and "one country, one fresh fruits/vegetable, one standard", timely updating according to needs. Based on the analysis of quarantine supervision of imported fruits/vegetables in China, The framework and structure of IHSs standard system for imported fruits/vegetables with Chinese characteristics are constructed。
Keywords: fresh fruits/vegetable;import health standard;characteristic;enlightenment;New Zealandkey
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