实际气体的优化压缩因子与分子的依数性
首发时间:2023-04-10
摘要:真实气体之所以不满足理想气体状态方程,主要是因为真实气体分子在一定温度和压力下,尤其在低温高压下,由于气体分子之间具有相互吸引力以及相互之间的碰撞,表现为有相应比率的气体分子因分子间引力势能作用而相互团聚在一起,并释放出相应的能量,使得两个或多个气体分子暂时团聚在一起成为一个整体,这个整体可以看做是一个分子团.一个分子团在众多的气体分子中可以近似看成一个通过分子间作用势能团聚在一起的大分子;类似于一个气态胶体大分子,从而使气体分子的物质的量的表观总数变小;由此对真实气体的压缩因子方程做相应优化,使优化后的气体压缩因子能反应气体分子的依数性。引入优化后的压缩因子后,实际气体的状态方程与理想气体的状态方程有相同的形式,优化后的压缩因子与气体分子的依数性完全对应起来;而且引入后的优化压缩因子在热力学和物理化学方面有相应的重要应用. 范德华方程是因为气体分子间有吸引力而对压强进行校正,加入称为内压的修正项;本文则根据气体分子间有吸引力,若干个分子会发生团聚形成分子团的现象对气体分子的数目(物质的量n)进行校正,引入称为优化压缩因子的修正项。并且真实气体分子的团聚过程是一个可逆反应过程,其规律完全符合化学平衡中的勒夏特勒原理.
关键词: 热学 优化的压缩因子 压缩因子 依数性 分子团 气态方程 范德华方程.
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The optimized compression fator of real gas and the colligative properties of molecules
Abstract:The reason of the real gas does not satisfy the ideal gas state equation is mainly because the real gas molecules are mutually attractive and collide with each other under certain temperature and pressure, especially at low temperature and high pressure. Therefore, the gas molecules with corresponding ratios are agglomerated together due to the gravitational potential energy between molecules, and the corresponding energy is released, so that two or more ( several ) gas molecules are temporarily agglomerated together as a whole, which can be regarded as a cluster. A cluster in many gas molecules can be approximately regarded as a macromolecule agglomerated by intermolecular interaction potential energy. It is similar to a gaseous colloidal macromolecule, which makes the apparent total number of gas molecules becomes smaller; therefore, the compression factor equation of real gas is optimized accordingly, so that the optimized compression factor can reflect the colligative properties of gas molecules. After introducing the optimized compression factor, the equation of state of the real gas has the same form as the equation of state of the ideal gas, and the optimized compression factor is completely corresponding to the colligative properties of gas molecules. Moreover, the optimized compressibility factor has important applications in thermodynamics and physical chemistry.
Keywords: Heat The optimized compression factor compression factor colligative properties cluster gas equation van der Waals equation
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