RNA的m6A和m1A修饰--表观转录组学初露峥嵘
首发时间:2017-09-15
摘要:表观转录组学是研究RNA(mRNA、tRNA、rRNA)转录后修饰的学科,是表观遗传学的重要分支。mRNA转录后的修饰主要是剪接和碱基修饰。目前为止,已有超过100种RNA修饰被发现。6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyl-adenosine,m6A)是指在腺苷(A)N6位置添加甲基的修饰,其甲基化由SAM类甲基转移酶催化而成,是从低等到高等生物中普遍存在的一种mRNA修饰形式。1-甲基腺苷(N1-methyl-adenosine,m1A)是指在腺苷(A)N6位置添加甲基的修饰。m6A和m1A修饰都是动态可逆的过程。mRNA的m6A修饰和m1A修饰的发现推动了表观转录组学(Epitranscriptomics)的发展。文章阐述了m6A修饰的机制、意义和m6A修饰的网上数据库,并介绍了mRNA的m1A修饰,探讨了表观转录组学的未来发展趋势。
关键词: 遗传学 m6A m1A 甲基转移酶 去甲基转移酶 表观转录组
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m6A and m1A modification on RNA- epitranscriptomics is emerging
Abstract:Epitranscriptomics describes biochemical modifications on mRNA, tRNA, rRNA post transcription, it is an important branch of epigenetics. Post-transcriptional modification of RNA mainly was splicing and base modifications. So far, there are more than 100 kinds of RNA modification was found. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) refers to a methyl added on adenine N6 position, which is catalyzed by methyltransferase with a S-adenosyl-I-methionine (SAM) donor, that is universal from low to higher organisms. N1-methyl-adenosine (m1A) refers to a methyl added on adenine N6 position. Modifications of m6A and m1A are dynamic and reversible process. The discovery of m6A and m1A modifications on mRNA give birth to "epitranscriptomics" and make it forward. This review focus on m6A modification mechanisms, biological function and online databases of m6A modification, describes the m1A modification on mRNA and discusses developmental trend in epitranscriptomics.
Keywords: genetics m6A m1A methyltransferase demethyltransferase epitranscriptomics
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RNA的m6A和m1A修饰--表观转录组学初露峥嵘
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