不同测墒补灌水平对小麦水氮利用及土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响

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不同测墒补灌水平对小麦水氮利用及土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响

首发时间：2015-05-11

石玉 ¹
石玉（1979年-），女，讲师，主要研究方向：从事作物高产理论与栽培技术研究。

1、山东农业大学农学院

摘要：于2012～2013和2013～2014年小麦生长季，以全生育期不灌水（W0）为对照，设置3个测墒补灌处理，即拔节和开花期依据0～140cm土层，使其土壤相对含水量分别为65%+65% (W1)、70%+70% (W2)和 75%+75% (W3)，研究其对土壤水利用、小麦氮素积累转运和土壤硝态氮分布及籽粒产量的影响。1）W2 处理土壤贮水消耗量及占总耗水量的比例和灌溉水占总耗水量的比例较高，且吸收利用100～140 cm土层土壤贮水量较高。2）开花期营养器官氮素积累量及开花后氮素积累量均为W2、W3＞W1＞W0，成熟期营养器官氮素积累量为W3＞W2＞W1＞W0，营养器官氮素向籽粒中的转移量和成熟期籽粒氮素积累量均为W2＞W3＞W1＞W0。3）成熟期0～60cm土层硝态氮含量表现为W0＞W1＞W2＞W3，80～140cm土层为W3显著高于其他处理，140～200cm土层各处理间无显著差异。4）W2处理的籽粒产量、水分利用效率、氮素吸收效率及氮肥偏生产力均最高。在本试验条件下，综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率、氮素吸收效率及土壤硝态氮的淋溶，W2处理是高产节水生态安全的最佳灌溉处理。

关键词：作物栽培学测墒补灌小麦水氮利用硝态氮含量籽粒产量

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Effects of soil-moisture monitoring supplemental irrigation on the water-nitrogen utilization and soil NO3--N leaching of wheat

SHI Yu ¹
石玉（1979年-），女，讲师，主要研究方向：从事作物高产理论与栽培技术研究。

1、Ministry of Agiculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai an 271018,China

Abstract：Field experiments were conducted with the cultivar of Jimai 22 under high-fertilizer soil conditions during 2012～2014 years. With no irrigation in the whole stage (W0) treatment as contrast, the irrigation treatments were designed 3 supplemental irrigations based on average relative soil moisture contents at 0～140 cm layers, at jointing and anthesis stages(65% and 65% for treatment W1; 70% and 70% for treatment W2; 75% and 75% for treatment W3; respectively), to examine effects of soil moisture on nitrogen accumulation and translocation，grain yield，water use efficiency，and soil nitrate nitrogen leaching in wheat. 1) Soil water consumption amount, the percentage of soil water consumption and irrigation water to total water consumption amount in W2 were higher, and soil water consumption amount of W2 in 100～140 cm soil layers was also higher. 2) Nitrongen accumulation amount before anthesis and after anthesis were all presented as W2、W3＞W1＞W0, nitrongen accumulation amount in vegetative organs at maturity as W3＞W2＞W1＞W0, nitrogen translocation amount from vegetative organs to grain and nitorngen accumulation amount in grain at maturity all as W2＞W3＞W1＞W0. 3) At maturity, soil NO3--N content in 0～60cm soil layers were presented as W0＞W1＞W2＞W3, but W3 in 80～140cm soil layers was significantly higher than other treatments, and all treatments were no significant difference in140～200cm soil layers. 4) W2 treatment obtained the highest grain yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and partial productivity of applied nitrogen. As far as grain yield, water use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency and soil NO3--N leaching were concerned in this experimental, the W2 regime was the optimal irrigation treatment.

Keywords： Crop cultivation supplemental irrigation by monitoring soil moisture wheat water and nitrogen utilization soil NO3--N content grain yield

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石玉. 不同测墒补灌水平对小麦水氮利用及土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响[EB/OL]. 北京：中国科技论文在线 [2015-05-11]. https://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201505-103.

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论文编号	201505-103
论文题目	不同测墒补灌水平对小麦水氮利用及土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响
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