野生二粒小麦及其与普通小麦杂种后代的光合特性研究
首发时间:2016-01-05
摘要:以高产小麦品种'川农16'为母本,野生二粒小麦为父本进行种间杂交、连续自交,并沿着高产目标方向进行选择获得农艺性状稳定的高代株系。在此基础上,对随机选取的25个F9代株系进行灌浆期旗叶的光合特性研究。结果表明,与高产小麦品种'川农16'、'绵麦37'和'川麦42'相比,野生二粒小麦的光合速率和叶绿素相对含量更高,以及保持高叶绿素含量的持续期更长。参试的F9代株系中,绝大部分株系的光合效率,以及包括光饱和点、光补偿点、表面光量子效率、最大净光合速率、二氧化碳饱和点、能量传递率在内的光响应曲线与二氧化碳响应曲线的绝大部分参数都达到了对照小麦品种的水平,而且较对照小麦品种的叶绿素含量更高、保持高叶绿素含量的持续期更长、叶绿素降解速率更低,从中还获得了叶绿素含量高且保持达20天以上的大量种质材料,以及较对照小麦品种具有更高光合速率的遗传种质。据此认为,通过野生二粒小麦与高产小麦品种的杂交,能有效创制出了具有高光合潜能的小麦遗传种质,这对拓宽小麦高光合效率的遗传基础具有重要意义。
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Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wild Emmer and Its Offsprings between It as Male and Common Wheat as Female
Abstract:In our previous work, the agronomically stable offsprings were obtained from common wheat cultivar Chuannong16 (Triticum aestivum, 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) as female crossed by wild emmer ( T. dicoccoides, 2n=4x=28, AABB) as male through successive selfing and selecting single plant with high yield properties. In this paper, 25 introgration lines of the F9 generation were randomly chosed to study the photosynthetic characteristics in the flag leaves during grain filling. The results showed, comparared with the thress planted cultivars 'Chuannong16', 'Mianmai37' and 'Chuanmai42' with high yield properies, wild emmer possessed higher photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, and longer period with relatively stable high chlorophyll content. Majority of the tested offsspring lines reached the similar levels of three control cultivars in most parameters of light and carbon dioxide response curves including photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, loght compensation point, apparent quantum efficiency, maximum net photosynthetic rate, carbon dioxide saturation point, and energy transfer efficiency. Moreover, the chlorophyll contents were higher, periods with relatively stable high chlorophyll contents were more lasting, and chlorophyll degradation rates were lower in most lines than those in the three controls. Some excellent materials with high chlorophyll contents over 20 days as well as higher photosynthetic rate than the controls were obtained. These indicated that the common wheat germplams with high photosynthetic potential might be created using wild emmer crossed with modern wheat cultivar, which is of importance to enrich the genetic bases of high photosynthetic efficiency in wheat.
Keywords: Wild emmer Common wheat Distant hybridization Photosynthetic characteristics
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野生二粒小麦及其与普通小麦杂种后代的光合特性研究
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